机动车辆制造的空气污染会带来两个阶段的问题:一级污染物和二次污染物。一级污染物是由汽油动力车辆产生的,包括一氧化碳、氧化氮、苯、悬浮颗粒以及铅。很多消耗汽油的车辆所排放的铅最成为空气中的悬浮颗粒。二次污染物是由汽油引擎车辆产生的,包括二氧化氮和臭氧。
4. Domestic Sources
生活污染源
As temperatures across the region plummeted, domestic burning of coal across northern Chinabecomes the primary source of air pollution. Other important domestic sources of airpollution are:
由于温度骤降,中国北部地区的家庭中燃煤,成为了一个主要的空气污染源。其他重要生活污染源有:
Stoves and cookers produce carbon monoxide. If ventilation is inadequate or appliancespoorly maintained, CO may accumulate in dangerous concentrations. Nitrogen dioxide is alsogenerated and concentrations in kitchens will usually exceed those outdoors when cookers arein use。
炉灶会产生一氧化碳。如果通风不佳或设备维护不周,一氧化碳有可能会在家中聚集,达到会造成危险的浓度。同时还会产生的是二氧化氮,使用炊具时,厨房内的二氧化氮浓度会比室外的浓度高。
Bonfires, garden incinerators and barbecues can be a significant local smoke and odournuisance. Burning garden waste produces smoke, especially if it is damp and smoulderingrather than dry and blazing. The smoke contains CO and other noxious and irritatingcompounds. Problems may be caused for asthmatics, bronchitis sufferers or those with heartconditions. Even if the immediate health risk is small, bonfires add to the general backgroundlevel of air pollution。
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