⑩up和down的区别:两者都有副词和介词的词性,但是两者的意思正好相反。Up 作为副词常与动词be、go、come、stay、stand、lift、walk、jump等连用,表往高处、往上、向上方、往上游、向说话人方向走、或在高处、或(价格、水准、音量、速度等)增加或上升、完全地(如与use、eat、end连用)、紧紧地(如与tie、lock连用)、或(时间)已到,作为介词也表往上或在上、还可表示沿着.e.g. climb up the tree, walk up the street ;而down作为副词常与动词be、go、take、come、get、bring、write、turn、calm、cut、quiet、cool等连用,表示向下、下降、在下面、(写)下来、(程度、价格、品质、身份等)由高到低、由强到弱,作为介词down表往下、或沿着的意思,e.g. climb down the ladder,roll down the road 。
(11) near 的nearby区别: near 可以是介词、副词和形容词, nearby 只能是副词和形容词;作为形容词near 可作前置定语也可作表语,其意义可以是指关系上亲密的或接近的,也可指场所或时间上近的,可用比较级或最高级,而nearby只能指(距离上)附近的,既可作前置定语也可作后置定语,一般不用比较级或最高级;作为副词用时,多用nearby表示在附近,如用near时,则其前通常要用修饰语。例如,What is the nearest way to the station ? There is a park in the near distance; I will go to America in the near future ;He is my nearest relative; He lives near the station ; She lives quite/very near ;We went out and dined in a nearby restaurant ( 或a restaurant nearby); The plane landed nearby(nearby可单独用作状语)。
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