3.与汉语相比,英语中被动语态使用范围非常广。被动语态多用于以下场合。
1)不清楚动作的执行者是谁。
例1 The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.
2)说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣。
例2 The books are written especially for children.
3)不愿意说出动作的执行者,目的是为了使语言更加圆滑、得体。
例3 Its generally considered impolite to ask onesage,salary,marriage,etc.
4)出于修饰的原因,或使句子安排更加合理。
例4 The professor came to our school and warmly welcomed by the teachers and students.
汉语虽然也有被、由之类的词表示动作是被动的,但这种表达远没有英语的被动语态那么常见。因此,很多英语被动句在翻译时就被译成了汉语的主动句。反之,很多汉语的主动句在译成英文时会变成英语被动态。
Exercise Eight
1. _______________ ,the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced.
2. Travel can widen our knowledge, _____________ ,and make one open-minded as well.
3. Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, _______________ .
4.Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the21st century, as long as we ________________that economicdevelopment is the center of all our work.
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