摇尾乞怜与狐假虎威日本悲剧的根源_英美文化

摇尾乞怜与狐假虎威日本悲剧的根源

In 2009, after half a century of nearly unbroken rule, the Liberal Democratic party was finally drummed out of office by a new force in Japanese politics. The Democratic Party of Japan, led by Yukio Hatoyama, promised a new contract with the Japanese public and a new relationship between elected officials and the powerful bureaucracy. Yet when Hatoyama went to Washington the following April, he was shunned. 在几乎未曾间断地执政半个世纪后，自民党(LDP)最终在2009年被日本政坛的新力量赶下台。由鸠山由纪夫(Yukio Hatoyama)领导的日本民主党(DPJ)，承诺与日本民众签订新契约，并在民选官员和势力强大的官僚体系之间建立新的关系。然而，当翌年4月鸠山访问华盛顿时，他遭遇了冷遇。 The ostensible reason was that Hatoyama had displeased Washington by reneging on a deal to build a new US Marine base on Okinawa. However, according to R Taggart Murphy, professor of international political economy at Tokyo’s Tsukuba university, Hatoyama was attempting much more than that: he wanted to regain the sovereignty that Japan had lost when it became a virtual “protectorate” of the US after 1945. “Japan cannot be an ally of the United States — or anyone else — until it is first a sovereign state,” Taggart Murphy writes. In this view, one shared by many on both the Japanese right and the left, Japan remains essentially an occupied nation, subject to a US-written constitution and honeycombed by US military bases. Rather like Hatoyama, he recommends Japan taking responsibility for its own defence and seeking a new accommodation with China. 表面上的原因是，鸠山拒绝履行冲绳美国海军基地新建协议，触怒了华盛顿。然而，东京筑波大学(University of Tsukuba)国际政治经济学教授塔R塔格特墨菲(R Taggart Murphy)认为，鸠山想要的比这多得多：他想收回日本1945年后成为美国事实上的“保护国”时所丧失的主权。墨菲写到：“在首先成为一个主权国家之前，日本无法做美国（或任何其他国家）的盟国。”这种观点（得到日本右翼和左翼的很多人认同）认为：日本本质上仍是一个被占领国，要遵守一部由美国制定的宪法，本土遍布美国军事基地。跟鸠山的观点相像，墨菲建议日本自己担负国防责任，并寻求与中国取得新的和解。