奥特在1月份发表的一篇论文发现,在美国,受进口影响最严重的地区通常失业率更高,在余生里的收入会减少。不过,随着时间的推移,自动化已经产生了比全球化更大的影响,并且最终会消除这些工作岗位,他在接受采访时说。“其中一些是因为全球化,但很多工作机会的消失是因为我们要求少得多的工人来完成同样的工作量,”他说。“工人基本上是机器的监督者。”
When Greg Hayes, the chief executive of United Technologies, agreed to invest $16 million in one of its Carrier factories as part of a Trump deal to keep some jobs in Indiana instead of moving them to Mexico, he said the money would go toward automation.
联合技术公司(United Technologies)首席执行官格雷格•海耶斯(Greg Hayes) 同意为该公司旗下的一家开利公司(Carrier)工厂投资1600万美元,这是同特朗普交易的一部分,目的是保持印第安纳州的一些工作机会,而不是把这些机会转到墨西哥去。海耶斯说,这笔钱将用于自动化。
“What that ultimately means is there will be fewer jobs,” he said on CNBC.
“最终这意味着工作机会的减少,”他在接受CNBC采访时说。
Take the steel industry. It lost 400,000 people, 75 percent of its workforce, between 1962 and 2005. But its shipments did not decline, according to a study published in the American Economic Review last year. The reason was a new technology called the minimill. Its effect remained strong even after controlling for management practices; job losses in the Midwest; international trade; and unionization rates, found the authors of the study, Allan Collard-Wexler of Duke and Jan De Loecker of Princeton.
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