你可以去任何一家幼儿园,观察一个小孩子自己玩玩具的情景。
You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her *frustrations.
你极有可能会听到她在自说自话:或是告诉自己要做什么,或是表达自己的沮丧之情。
Psychologists refer to this as private speech – language that is spoken out loud but directed at the self.
心理学家将这种行为称作私下话语:大声说出来但却是对着自己说的语言。
We do a lot of it when we are young–perhaps one reason for our shyness about continuing with it as adults.
我们小时候经常这样做——或许这就是为什么我们成年后会羞于继续这样做的一个原因。
As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others.
根据俄罗斯心理学家利维.维果斯基的说法,作为孩子,我们用私下话语来规范自己的行为,就像我们用公众话语来规范他人的行为一样。
As we grow older, we don’t abandon this system–we *internalize it.
随着我们年龄的增长,我们并没有放弃这个体系——我们把它内化了。
Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance on tasks ranging from judging what other people are thinking to sorting images into categories.
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