Enter, with exemplary timing, this excellent book by Richard Baldwin, an academic with a strong applied focus, who combines a professorship at the Graduate Institute in Geneva with the presidency of the Centre for Economic Policy Research, a renowned network of economists.
这本来自理查德•鲍德温(Richard Baldwin)的杰作对上市时间的把握堪称典范。鲍德温是一位高度重视研究现实问题的学者,他是日内瓦国际研究所(Graduate Institute in Geneva)的教授,同时还是经济政策研究中心(Centre for Economic Policy Research)的主席。后者是一个颇具声望的经济学家联盟。
For its time and as far as it goes, the 19th-century theory of comparative advantage is fine. Countries specialise in what they are relatively good at: high-wage and capital-rich 19th-century Europe did higher-technology industry, poorer countries such as India did agriculture and small-scale manufactures. Thus, given the productivity gains in manufacturing, began the “Great Divergence” that meant the richer countries pulling away from the rest.
就其所产生的年代及其所讨论的深度而言,诞生于19世纪的比较优势理论是很好的。国家应专注于自身相对擅长的领域:例如十九世纪时高工资、资本充裕的欧洲国家就大力发展了技术含量较高的工业,印度等收入较低的国家就主要发展农业和小型制造业。因此,在制造业生产率提升的影响下,“大分裂”(Great Divergence)发生了,而这意味着高收入国家相对于世界其他地区的领先优势拉大。
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