Every newspaper picture editor knows the score. If it’s a story about trade, it gets illustrated with a photo of a gargantuan cargo ship piled high with containers. And every amateur apostle of the free market, along with a few government ministers, knows that all you need to do to win an argument about trade is to cite the theory of comparative advantage and you’re pretty much done.
任何一位报纸图片编辑都知道这个套路。如果这是一篇有关贸易的报道,与之搭配的图片就应该展现一艘巨大的货轮,船上集装箱高高堆起。任何一位自由市场的业余倡导者以及一些政府部门的部长也都知道,要想在有关贸易的争论中取胜,你只需要引用一下比较优势理论。
Much public understanding about trade and globalisation is either scant or trapped in models and realities that owe more to the 20th century, and sometimes the 19th, than to today. At a moment when the downsides of trade and globalisation are cited as causes of Brexit, the election of Donald Trump and the rise of rightwing populism in Europe, getting the analysis right is a matter of rather more than academic interest.
公众对贸易和全球化的认识要么匮乏,要么陷在模型或实例中走不出来,而且这些模型或实例通常更多反映的是二十世纪、有时甚至是十九世纪的情况,而非当下的现实。鉴于贸易和全球化的负面影响在当下被用作解释英国脱欧、唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)当选美国总统以及右翼民粹主义在欧洲兴起的原因,进行正确的分析就不仅仅是学术界感兴趣的问题了。
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