(一)日本密谋窃取钓鱼岛
1. Japan's covert moves to seize Diaoyu Dao
1884年,有日本人声称首次登上钓鱼岛,发现该岛为“无人岛”。日本政府随即对钓鱼岛开展秘密调查,并试图侵占。日本上述图谋引起中国的警觉。1885年9月6日(清光绪十一年七月二十八日)《申报》登载消息:“台湾东北边之海岛,近有日本人悬日旗于其上,大有占据之势。”由于顾忌中国的反应,日本政府未敢轻举妄动。
In 1884, a Japanese man claimed that he first landed on Diaoyu Dao and found the island to be uninhabited. The Japanese government then dispatched secret facts-finding missions to Diaoyu Dao and attempted to invade and occupy the island. The above-mentioned plots by Japan triggered China's alert. On September 6, 1885 (the 28th day of the 7th month in the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the Chinese newspaper Shen-pao (Shanghai News) reported: "Recently, Japanese flags have been seen on the islands northeast to Taiwan, revealing Japan's intention to occupy these islands." But the Japanese government did not dare to take any further action for fear of reaction from China.
1885年9月22日冲绳县令在对钓鱼岛进行秘密调查后向内务卿山县有朋密报称,这些无人岛“与《中山传信录》记载的钓鱼台、黄尾屿和赤尾屿应属同一岛屿”,已为清朝册封使船所详悉,并赋以名称,作为赴琉球的航海标识,因此对是否应建立国家标桩心存疑虑,请求给予指示。同年10月9日,内务卿山县有朋致函外务卿井上馨征求意见。10月21日,井上馨复函山县有朋认为,“此刻若有公然建立国标等举措,必遭清国疑忌,故当前宜仅限于实地调查及详细报告其港湾形状、有无可待日后开发之土地物产等,而建国标及着手开发等,可待他日见机而作”。井上馨还特意强调,“此次调查之事恐均不刊载官报及报纸为宜”。因此,日本政府没有同意冲绳县建立国家标桩的请求。
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