1650年,琉球国相向象贤监修的琉球国第一部正史《中山世鉴》记载,古米山(亦称姑米山,今久米岛)是琉球的领土,而赤屿(今赤尾屿)及其以西则非琉球领土。1708年,琉球学者、紫金大夫程顺则所著《指南广义》记载,姑米山为“琉球西南界上之镇山”。
In 1650, the Annals of Chong-shan (Zhong Shan Shi Jian), the first official historical record of the Ryukyu Kingdom drafted under the supervision of Ryukyu's prime minister Xiang Xiangxian (Kozoken), confirmed that Gumi Mountain (also called Gumi Mountain, known as Kume Island today) is part of Ryukyu's territory, while Chi Yu (known as Chiwei Yu today) and the areas to its west are not Ryukyu's territory. In 1708, Cheng Shunze (Tei Junsoku), a noted scholar and the Grand Master with the Purple-Golden Ribbon (Zi Jin Da Fu) of Ryukyu, recorded in his book A General Guide (Zhi Nan Guang Yi) that "Gumi Mountain is the mountain guarding the southwest border of Ryukyu".
以上史料清楚记载着钓鱼岛、赤尾屿属于中国,久米岛属于琉球,分界线在赤尾屿和久米岛之间的黑水沟(今冲绳海槽)。明朝册封副使谢杰所著《琉球录撮要补遗》(1579年)记载,“去由沧水入黑水,归由黑水入沧水”。明朝册封使夏子阳所著《使琉球录》(1606年)记载,“水离黑入沧,必是中国之界”。清朝册封使汪辑所著《使琉球杂录》(1683年)记载,赤屿之外的“黑水沟”即是“中外之界”。清朝册封副使周煌所著《琉球国志略》(1756年)记载,琉球“海面西距黑水沟,与闽海界”。
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