"The best collaborators may be in other countries, and former graduate students and postdocs are potential collaborators," said Michelson.

However, a memo released by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) last November restricted DOE-funded researchers working in "emerging research areas and technologies" from collaborating with colleagues from unspecified "sensitive" countries, which may block many foreign research cooperation and cast shadows on others.

Ali Khounsary, a research professor of physics at Illinois Institute of Technology, lodged his objection at a seminar, saying choosing collaborators by their citizenship "unbelievable."

"Cooperation in basic science should be immunized from politics and developed in a global way since we have common interest, common benefits and risks, common tools and methods and common issues," said Wang.

Michelson told Xinhua that strong international partnership would become more important for future scientific progress as science facilities come with increasing size, complexity and cost.

Michelson took delight in talking about a collaboration between China and the United States to have discovered the millisecond pulsar for the first time.

In April last year, China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) discovered a radio millisecond pulsar coincident with the unassociated gamma-ray source in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) point-source list.

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