Hochwarter指出，使得这个问题雪上加霜的是，这些千上万的很不开心的雇员除此之外别无选择。

'For workers in declining industries such as construction and manufacturing, catching on with a company able to offer comparable wages has been virtually impossible,' he said.

“亿一些夕阳产业的劳工为例，比如说建筑行业和生产制造业，要找到另外一份工资与此相当的工作几乎是不可能的”，他说。

'Plan B just doesn't exist for many employees at the level it did five or 10 years ago.'

“早在五年或十年之前，对于很多雇员来说，他们已经没有了备选的方案。”

This is not Hochwarter’s first study to examine the tensions between workers and management in the American workplace.

Hochwarter并不是第一个研究美国职场上员工与管理层之间日益恶化的关系的学者。

He has studied managers' behaviours, showing that, for example, 39 per cent failed to keep promises, for example, management's Seven Deadly Sins at work, where 41 per cent of bosses were viewed as lazy, pushing their work on subordinates; and manager narcissism, with 31 per cent of employees reporting that their boss significantly exaggerated their own accomplishments.

他在研究了管理者的行为之后发现，有百分之三十九的人难以信守承诺，例如管理层的七大禁忌，在下属眼中，有百分之四十一的老板被认为是懒惰的，对待工作推三阻四。百分之三十一的雇员表示老板的“大头症”十分让人受不了，他们会毫无边际的夸大自己的成就。

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