盖茨先生认为现在是时候做一些改变了。8月14日,他的慈善机构--比尔与梅琳达.盖茨基金会宣布举行彻底改造马桶挑战的活动,并设立金牌、银牌、铜牌的奖项。该活动意在为世界40%缺乏基本卫生设备的人口提供安全、实惠、耐用的厕所。现今,每年因腹泻死亡的儿童人数为150万。而这样的举措能防止很多这样的孩子死亡。
The Challenge is nothing if not ambitious. It seeks a toilet that costs less than five cents per user per day to operate, that requires neither a supply of clean water nor sewerage infrastructure to take the waste away, and that will generate energy and recover salts, water and other nutrients. Remarkably, despite the challenge being little more than a year old, the award winners claim to be on track to achieve all of these goals.
这样的挑战是极其雄心勃勃的。它致力于建造一个每天每次不超过5分的厕所。这样的厕所不依靠清洁的水也不依靠排水设备来排污,在产生能量的同时还能提取盐分、水分和其他营养物质。更引人注目的是,这项挑战在一年内就完成了,而且奖项的获得者都如之前所定的那样达到了所有的目标。
In third place is a toilet designed by researchers at the University of Toronto. This treats urine and faeces separately, using a material freely available in many of the world's poorest regions: sand. Urine is filtered through sand, and the resulting liquor is exposed to ultraviolet light to sterilise it. Faeces are dried slowly within the toilet before being fed into a smouldering sand-filled reactor. The system can sanitise the waste of ten people in two hours, leaving only sand and fresh(ish) water behind.
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