'The most resilient people experience a wide range of emotions, both negative and positive,' says Dr. Fox, author of 'Rainy Brain, Sunny Brain.' To enjoy life and feel good, people need roughly four positive emotions to counteract the effect of one negative emotion, she says. People who experience life as drudgery had two or even one positive emotion for every negative one, Dr. Fox has found.
福克斯博士说,“最达观的人能够体验到各类情绪,有乐观的,也有悲观的。”她表示,要享受生活、保持良好感觉,一个人大约需要动用四种正面情绪来抵抗一种负面情绪的影响。她发现,觉得生活悲苦的人往往只有一到两种正面情绪来对抗某种负面情绪。
It's possible to change your cognitive bias by training the brain to focus more on the positive than on the negative. In the lab, Dr. Fox showed subjects pairs of images, one negative (the aftermath of a bomb blast, say) and one either positive (a cute child) or neutral (an office). Participants were asked to point out, as quickly as possible, a small target that appeared immediately after each positive or neutral image - subliminally requiring them to pay less attention to the negative images, which had no target.
实验表明,我们是有可能通过训练大脑多关注正面信息、少关注负面信息,最终改变自己的认知倾向的。福克斯博士在实验中向参与对象每次展示两幅图像,一幅是负面的(例如某个爆炸案现场的图片),一幅则是正面的(例如一个可爱的孩子)或者中性的(例如一间办公室)。研究人员在每次展示完正面或中性的图片后都会要求参与对象尽快说出头脑中闪现了什么,而在展示完负面图片后则没有这个要求,以此潜移默化地降低实验对象对负面信息的关注度。
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