利普顿说:“目前有20个国家在能源补贴上的支出超过其国内生产总值(GDP)的5%。补贴太高会威胁一国财政的可持续性,从而引发财政问题。”
For the first time, the IMF has put a price on the worldwide fiscal cost of energy subsidies. It says regular subsidies, where the price of fuel is lower than the cost of producing it, amount to $480bn, mainly in developing countries.
这是IMF首次给出全球能源补贴财政成本的总金额。IMF表示,各国提供的常规能源补贴(燃料价格低于燃料生产成本)总计达4800亿美元(主要是由发展中国家提供的)。
But indirect subsidies, where countries do not fully charge energy users for the costs of pollution and congestion, add another $1.9tn, with 40 per cent in the developed world, the IMF says. Those figures are likely to be controversial because they count untaxed carbon emissions as a subsidy but do not include tax breaks for renewable energy such as wind.
但除此之外,各国提供的间接补贴(指不向能源使用者收取全额的污染费和拥堵费)总计达1.9亿美元(其中40%是由发达国家提供的)。这些数字可能存在争议,因为IMF将未征税的碳排放也算作一项补贴,而风能等可再生能源享受的税收优惠却未被计算在内。
In absolute terms the top three energy subsidisers are the US at $502bn, $279bn in China, and $116bn in Russia, according to the fund.
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