日本极道的历史可以追溯到好几百年前。《集团犯罪的经济史》(An Economic History of Organized Crime)的作者丹尼斯o麦卡锡表示,极道团伙是全球最为集权的组织之一。其他东亚团伙如中国的三合会(Triads)等,罪犯大多数是由家庭关系维系在一起,组织较为松散。而极道则有“精心设立的阶层”,成员一旦入伙,就必须抛弃其他效忠对象,一心一意忠于极道。尽管近年来日本政府大力打击极道,但这种集权化的结构使得山口组可以轻易攫取大量财富。
2. SolntsevskayaBratva—Revenue: $8.5 billion
2、松采沃兄弟会(SolntsevskayaBratva) 收入:85亿美元
Russian mafia groups sit on the other side of the organizational spectrum from Yakuza. Their structure, according to Frederico Varese, a professor of criminology at the University of Oxford and an expert on international organized crime, is highly decentralized. The group is composed of 10 separate quasi-autonomous “brigades” that operate more or less independently of each other. The group does pool its resources, however, and the money is overseen by a 12-person council that “meets regularly in different parts of the world, often disguising their meetings as festive occasions,” Varesi says.
俄罗斯黑帮采用的组织结构与日本极道迥然不同。根据牛津大学(University of Oxford)犯罪学教授和国际集团犯罪研究专家弗雷德里克o瓦雷泽的介绍,俄罗斯黑帮是高度分散化的。松采沃兄弟会由10个不同的半自治“大队”组成,运作时相对独立。然而,瓦雷泽表示,该组织确实会整合他们的资源,组织的财产由一个12人委员会管理,他们“定期在全球不同的地方会面,会议通常会伪装成节庆活动。”
【全球收入最高的五大黑帮】相关文章:
最新
2020-09-15
2020-09-15
2020-09-15
2020-09-15
2020-09-15
2020-09-15