学习过程其实正是大脑神经细胞创建新连接的过程。因此,神经细胞对于我们存储新知识来说是至关重要的。但是,神经冲动高速传播着,一种叫做髓磷脂的物质也是举足轻重的。髓磷脂类似于附着在神经纤维和神经突出上的绝缘层,大量的髓磷脂可使得神经冲动加速并改善其功能。当我们学到了新知识时,大脑相应部位的髓磷脂就会增加。脑力的开发受施加其上的压力的影响。这种相互作用正式我们今天所讨论的话题——大脑的可塑性。
Myelin is made by cells known as oligodendrocytes. In the last few years, there has been significant interest in oligodendrocytes and numerous studies have been conducted on mice and rats. These studies have shown that when the nerve cells of laboratory animals need more myelin, the oligodendrocytes are replaced. This is why researchers have assumed that the same also applies in humans. Researchers at Karolinska Institutet and their international collaborators have shown that this is not the case. In humans, oligodendrocyte generation is very low but despite this, myelin production can be modulated and increased if necessary. In other words, the human brain appears to have a preparedness for it, while in mice and rats, increased myelin production relies on the generation of new oligodendrocytes.
髓磷脂是少突胶质细胞的产物。过去几年,研究者们对它很感兴趣,在老鼠身上做了大量实验。这些实验表明,当实验对象的神经细胞需要更多的髓磷脂时,少突胶质细胞就开始了制作过程。基于此研究,研究者假定这现象同样发生在人脑中。卡洛琳斯卡学院的研究者及其国际合作伙伴发现事实并非如此。人脑中的少突胶质细胞是非常少的,尽管如此,必要时,它还是会生产并调节髓磷脂含量。换句话说,人脑似乎事先早有准备,而老鼠大脑中的髓磷脂的增加依赖少突胶质细胞的更新换代。
【人脑可塑性的新发现 并非《超体》所设想】相关文章:
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