在过去12个月里,私人部门资本外流的总体步伐是有序的,但仍迫使中国消耗了4000亿美元储备,以防止汇率陡然下跌。只是在8月11日中国央行宣布调整汇率机制、触发市场担心人民币未来再度贬值之后,资本外流才达到危机规模。官方数据显示,8月份中国外汇储备减少了940亿美元。许多分析人士认为,对期货和期权市场的变相干预意味着该月真实的汇率支持力度超过1700亿美元。
Clearly, such a rapid rate of reserve depletion would, if continued, administer a large global shock to asset markets as China’s holdings of foreign bonds are reduced. Furthermore, when reserves decline, the official sales of dollars for renminbi reduce local currency liquidity in the domestic financial system. Although the impact of reserve changes on domestic liquidity can in theory be offset by “sterilisation” activities by the central bank (such as changing banks’ reserve requirements), in practice sterilisation does not seem to have been fully successful in either direction.
显而易见的是,如果这样的消耗速度继续下去,随着中国所持外国债券减少,将对全球资产市场造成重大冲击。另外,当外汇储备减少时,官方抛售美元、买入人民币之举,会降低国内金融体系的本币流动性。尽管在理论上,外汇储备变化对国内流动性的冲击可以被央行的“冲销”行动(比如调整银行存准率)抵消,但在实践中,这种冲销在两个方向上似乎都不是特别成功。
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