There's no simple answer to what constitutes 'smart'. These days, we're inclined to think you can't go by intelligence quotient (IQ) results alone, because while these tests are great for measuring separate mental faculties, an IQ number doesn't seem to predict overall intelligence accurately enough.
“聪明”的组成要素是什么?该问题没有简单的答案。如今,我们倾向于认为不能单一靠智商测试结果来判断,因为这些测验只适用于测试独立的心智能力,IQ值目测无法精确地预测整体智力。
Then there is also a measurement called general intelligence or 'g factor'. It was first described by English psychologist Charles Spearman in 1904, and refers to the phenomenon that children who tend to do well at one subject also tend to excel at others; in simple terms, there is a positive correlation between kids' performance in unrelated school tests, which is referred to as a 'positive manifold'.
有种测量方法叫作“一般智力(general intelligence)”或称“g因素”。其最先由英国心理学家查尔斯·斯皮尔曼在1904年提出——指的是在一个学科上表现很好的儿童在其它科目上也可以超过其他人;简而言之,在无关联的各种学校测验中,孩子们在这些测试中的表现是相互联系的,被看成是一种“正极相关”(positive manifold')。
Another commonly cited and prestigious comparison system is PISA, which measures "the competencies of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematics, and science (with a focus on mathematics) in 65 countries and economies", representing more than 80 percent of the world economy.
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