It turns out that health studies of retirement are a mixed bag. One study in 2017 that received a lot of attention came from the Harvard School of Public Health. It looked at 5,422 individuals in the US and found there was a 40 per cent increase in heart attacks and strokes among those who had retired, compared with those of a similar age still working.

事实证明，对人们退休后健康问题的研究结果是五花八门的。哈佛大学公共卫生学院(Harvard School of Public Health)2017年的一项研究引起了许多关注。该研究观察了5422名在美国生活的个人，发现与仍在工作的同龄人相比，退休人群心脏病发作和中风的比例高出40%。

Perhaps even more striking, the study found that most of the cardiovascular events happened in the year after retirement. When I contacted the lead researcher of the study, J Robin Moon, a sociologist now working on health systems in the Bronx, a poor borough of New York City, she said her statistical analysis might reflect “reverse causality”: in other words, people may have been forced to retire because they already had cardiovascular disease, not the other way around.

或许更令人吃惊的是，该研究发现，大多数心血管疾病发生在退休后一年。当我联系到该项研究的首席研究员、如今在布朗克斯（Bronx，纽约市的一个贫困区）从事卫生体系工作的社会学家J圠宾莫恩(J Robin Moon)时，她说自己的统计分析可能反映出一种“逆向因果关系”：换句话说，人们可能是被迫退休，因为他们已经患上心血管疾病，而非相反的关系。

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