2. Hasty Generalization
2.草率结论
A hasty generalization is a conclusion that is based on few examples. Here are a few that have been used in research papers:
草率结论是指例证不足就下的结论。下面是一则研究报告中出现的草率结论:
Elderly people are bad drivers.
老年人驾车技术都不好。
Be careful not to draw conclusions in your own research after you've seen a few individual pieces of evidence.
要注意在自己的研究过程中不要仅仅依靠个别例子就草率下结论。
(tip:要避免这种错误,可以加一个程度副词,比如mosly等等。上句话可改为:Elderly people are mostly bad drivers.)
3. Slippery Slope
3. 滑坡谬误
The slippery slope fallacy occurs when we get carried away and start making claims that one event will lead to another--when those claims are not necessarily accurate. Here is a conclusion that doesn't add up:
滑坡谬误指我们开始洋洋洒洒地写作,一个断言推出另一个断言,但这些断言并非十分准确。下面就是一个不合理的结论:
If we let students use their cell phone calculators during tests, they'll start cheating by using other apps to find the answers. Then no one will ever learn anything. Everyone will fail.
如果我们让学生在考试中使用手机上的计算器,他们就会用其他的手机应用找答案作弊。那么没有人能真正学到知识,所有人都会不及格。
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