4. Red Herring
4. 转移视听
A red herring is a tactic used to change the subject when we feel we're in hot water. You may recognize the red herring as a tactic you've used on your own parents.
转移视听是我们感到自己深陷麻烦使用于转移话题的一个方式。你可能会承认对父母用过这一招。
"You are late. Your curfew was thirty minutes ago."
“你迟了,半个小时前可就该到家了。”
"I know, but there was big fire in a factory across town. It's lucky that nobody was hurt."
“我知道,但是市区那端的工厂着大火了。没有人伤亡真是不幸中的万幸。”
In the exchange above, the teen is trying to distract the parent from the issue at hand by diverting his or her attention. This tactic of changing the subject is common in a debate scenario, when one presenter feels trapped or challenged. It can be an easy but costly maneuver.
上面这段对话中,孩子试图把父母的注意力从手边的事上转移开。这种转移主题的策略常用于辩论赛,当一方觉得陷入麻烦,或被质疑,这种方式虽然有代价却简单易行。
5. The Bandwagon Fallacy
5. 从众思想
There is a certain sense of security we feel by being a part of a group. If you've ever agreed with a stance because it is the popular one, you have been taken in by the bandwagon effect!
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