一项对挪威雇员的最新研究发现,样本人群中的“工作狂”员工比其他人更焦虑、更抑郁。在工作狂员工中,有34%达到了医学上的焦虑症标准,相比之下,这一比例在非工作狂员工中仅为12%。
Cause and effect are not clear — do you become anxious by overworking, or do anxious people overwork? Anxiety can be adaptive, as psychiatrists would phrase it, up to a point: it helps people to achieve professional success. But it also makes them subject to hazard.
是加班让你变得焦虑,还是焦虑的员工更喜欢加班——其中的因果关系并不明确。正如精神病学家所言,在一定程度之内,焦虑是自我调适的结果:它可以帮助人们取得事业上的成功,但也会让人们处于危险之中。
High-flyers risk the fate of Icarus, the original high-flyer of the Greek myth, whose wings came apart when he flew too close to the sun. Some attain middle age without facing serious setbacks in life — they studied at elite schools and universities and have flourished in professions. When they finally encounter failure, it is a terrible shock.
一路高飞的成功人士有重蹈伊卡洛斯(Icarus)覆辙的危险——这位希腊神话中的人物是最早的“高飞者”,他飞得太靠近太阳,身上的蜡翼融化,因而坠落。有些成功人士一路就读于精英中小学和大学,在职场上也成就斐然,因而没有遇到过严重挫折就进入了中年。当最终遭遇挫败时,对他们的打击是巨大的。
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