西藏新旧制度相关词汇_时事_双语阅读-查字典英语网

"tralpa" (people who tilled plots of land assigned to them and who were obligated to provide corvee labor for serf owners)

“堆穷(意为冒烟的小户)

"duiqoin" (small households with chimneys emitting smoke)

“朗生(一无所有，世代为奴)

"nangzan" (hereditary household slaves who were deprived of any means of production and personal freedom)

乌拉差(一种包括徭役、赋税、地(畜)租在内的含义十分广泛的差税总称)

corvee labor - a broad term covering not only corvee, but taxes and levies, and rents for land and livestock

子孙债

debts passed down from previous generations

连保债

debts resulting from joint liability

集体摊派债

debts apportioned among all the serfs

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