In giving Russia’s side of the story — as he did in his well-received study of an earlier war, “Russia Against Napoleon: The Battle for Europe, 1807 to 1814 — Mr. Lieven punctures thepopular Western image of a reactionary autocracy stumbling into a suicidal war throughmisguided Slavic nationalism. There is that, to be sure, but his Russia is also a vast empire andan economic powerhouse in the making, where a fledgling civil society and influential pressoften contributed to nationalist passions while a counterintuitively capable aristocratic elitewrestled with legitimate questions of where Russia’s national interests lay in the complex andrapidly changing world of the early 20th century.
利芬的《俄国与拿破仑的决战:鏖战欧罗巴,1807-1814》(Russia Against Napoleon: The Battle forEurope, 1807 to 1814)一书从俄罗斯的立场出发讲述俄法战争的历史,备受好评,在这本新书中也是如此。在一般西方人的印象里,俄罗斯是个反动的独裁政府,由于误入歧途的斯拉夫民族主义,跌跌撞撞地发起了一场自杀式的战争,利芬对这个观点做出了批评。诚然有着这方面的因素,但俄罗斯也是一个巨大的帝国,是发展中的强大经济体,刚刚起步的公民社会与颇具影响力的媒体经常鼓动国家主义热情。与此同时,和人们的直觉不同的是,俄罗斯的贵族精英极具能力,在世界形势极度复杂和快速变化的20世纪初,他们要为涉及俄罗斯国家利益的正当问题而斟酌。
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