地球的自然温室效应对维持生命是至关紧要的,但是人类活动,主要是燃烧化石燃料和砍伐森林,已加剧了这种自然温室效应,引起全球变暖。
与我们生存环境密切相关的另一种自然效应是“城市热岛效应(urban heat island effect)。例如:
3. Temperatures are often a few degrees higher in cities than they are in their surrounding rural areas. This temperature discrepancy is the result of a bizarre phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. As the name implies, the effect turns cities into islands of heat.
城市温度常常比周围农村高出几度。这种温差是一种叫做“城市热岛效应的奇异现象造成的。正如其名所示,这种效应使城市变成热岛。
4. According to the latest statistics from the China Meteorological Administration, about one-fourth of the temperature rise caused by climate warming can be blamed on the urban heat island effect. This effect is adding to our woes.
根据中国气象局的最新统计,在气候变暖引起的气温上升中,大约有1/4是城市热岛效应造成的。这种热岛效应正在给我们增添麻烦。
美国数学与气象学家爱德华·诺顿·罗伦兹(Edward Norton Lorenz)发现的“蝴蝶效应(butterfly effect)也与自然气象有关。例如:
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