"Twin studies disentangle the effects of environmental and genetic factors on an outcome such as intelligence or lifespan by comparing identical twins, who share 100 percent of their genes, and fraternal twins, who on average share only 50 percent of their genes. [The researchers] performed statistical analyses to estimate the contribution of genetic factors to the IQ-lifespan relationship. The results were clear and consistent: genes accounted for most of the relationship."
“通过比较同卵双胞胎(百分之百的基因相同)和异卵双胞胎(平均只有百分之五十的基因相同),研究者理清了环境和基因因素对智力和寿命的影响,他们分析了数据以推测基因因素对智商和寿命的关系起到的作用。结果明确而一致:大部分二者的关系能用基因解释。”
It's a complicated area of science, particularly as an IQ score doesn't necessarily directly represent intelligence, and can be affected by social class, education standards, and other cultural factors - if you're preconditioned to think you'll do badly in an exam, for example. Nevertheless, the link is there - and researchers are still trying to find out why.
关于智商与寿命的研究是一个复杂的科学问题:智商值不能直接代表智力。因为智力还会受到社会阶级、教育标准和其他文化因素的影响。因此,可别认为智商值低就考不好试。无论如何,智商和寿命是一定存在某种关联的,只是研究者还需要试着去发现个中原因,揭开奥秘。
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