划线部分就是需要阅读的句子,黑体字部分是重点标志性词汇。其中,第一段的两句话根据标点符号,采用了跳读。其余各段中举例等细节部分信息也跳过不读。
通过阅读主题信息,我们发现,这篇文章的每一段都谈到了描述或识别人的一个方面,全文的主旨需要把各段的主题综合起来,经过总结概括而形成。这种结构模式我们称之为综合型结构。这样,考查各段主题,我们可以得出正确答案应该是 B。
2、开门见山型
Most episodes of absent-mindedness―forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent encoded it deeply.
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and dont pay attention to what you did because youre involved in a conversation, youll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe . Your memory itself isnt failing you. says Schacter. Rather, you didnt give your memory system the information it needed.
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago. says Zelinski, may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
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