3、完形填空与写作
完形填空是使考生通过阅读有空缺的短文,利用自己的语言、语篇等方面的知识使短文的结构和意思恢复完整。阅读使考生获取对短文信息的了解,写作则帮助考生恢复短文结构和意思的完整性。
不同的体裁,不同的主题,其语段写作模式不同,有举例、有列举、有比较对照、有因果分析。根据语段的结构模式把握短文写作的思路,预测文章的发展,从而为解题找出依据。
写作的基本原则是:文章结构完整、内容统一、语意连贯、语言简洁,其中词语的同现、复现手段以及衔接语的使用,是文章结构得以完整、语意得以连贯、逻辑得以明了的主要手段,而完形填空中对此也有相当部分的考查。如:
P
A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply---all these were important __71___ in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. __72__ they were not enough. Something __73__ was needed to start the industrial process. That something special was men --- __74__ individuals who could invent machines, find new __75__ of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. The men who __76___ the machines of the Industrial Revolution __77___ from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were __78__ inventors than scientists. A man who is a __79___ scientist is primarily interested in doing his research __80___. He is not necessarily working __81__ that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is __82__ trying to make something that has a concrete __83__. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories __84__ science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a __85__ result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of __86___ other objectives. Most of the people who __87___ the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had __88__ or no training in science might not have made their inventions __89__ a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years __90__.
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