unable-or unwilling-to "play the game."
"People assume that office politics involves some manipulative(有心计的)
behavior," says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Holster
College. "But "politics" derives "P" from the word 6polite'. It can mean lobbying and
forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please
your superior, and then expecting something in return."
In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue
one's own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of
socializing within the office environment-not just in large companies, but in small
workplaces as well.
"The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a
consistent basis," says Neil P Lewis, a management psychologist. "But if two or
three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability,
a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It's simple human
nature."
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the
concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of
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