知识清单
代词是用来指代人或事物的词。代词可分为下列八类: 一、人称代词( Personal Pronouns ) we , I , you , they, us, me, etc. 二、物主代词( Possessive Pronouns ) our, my ,your, their, his, her, etc. 三、反身代词(Reflective Pronouns) ourselves, myself, yourselves, yourself , herself , etc. 四、相互代词( Reciprocal Pronouns ) each other ,one another , etc. 五、指示代词( Demonstrative Pronouns ) this , that , these , those , such , etc. 六、疑问代词( Interrogative Pronouns ) what, when, who, where, whose, etc. 七、关系代词( Relative Pronouns) what, when, who, where, whose , etc. 八、不定代词( Indefinite Pronouns ) any , some ,every , many , much , a little , etc.
一.人称代词: 人称代词分主格和宾格两种,前者在句子中担任主语,后者担任动词或介词的宾语。They study German. / Please pass me the ruler. ①人称代词的用法: a.当代词成对地使用或一个代词与一个名词搭配使用时,两个部分的句法功能必须一致。Li Hong and I went shopping yesterday. It was our teacher who smoothed away the difference between you and me. 注:人称代词的排列一般为:第二人称,第三人称,第一人称。 you, he and I them and us 如有其他代词时,其他代词排列于人称代词之后,如:he, I and some others b.人称代词用作表语时,如说明主语,一般要用主格,如说明宾语则要用宾格。 If I were she, I would take your advice. I would share the room with you if you were him. ②"It"的用法。 a.用作人称代词,代替前文提到过的事物。 Where is the cat? It's in the kitchen. Jack is ill. Have you heard about it? My book is missing. I can't find it anywhere. b.用以代替指示代词this, that。 What's this? -- It's a frog. /Whose pen is that? -- It's mine. c.表示时间,天气,距离等。 A lovely day, isn't it? /It's two o'clock. It's about two li from here to our school. d.用作形式主语,形式宾语,代替不定式短语,动名词或从句。 It's no use talking with him about that. It took me twenty minutes to get there. We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language. e.用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语,宾语或状语),常用强调结构"It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(或who)…"。 It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning. It was in the classroom that he told me about it.
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