七.关系代词 关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词.关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词. ①all / both a.both用于两个人或事物,all用于两个以上的人或事物,均可作主语。 All (of us) like fruits. /Both (of them) are good at English. b.用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同,位于行为动词之前;位于be动词之后。 They all (或both) agreed with me. /They are all (或both) very healthy. I know them all (或both). ②one / it(人称代词) one 代替可数名词,表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个,其复数形式带定语时用ones,不带定语时用some。而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身,既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词。 I don't have a watch but I'm going to buy one(或some). I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me. ③no one / none no one 只用于指人,而none 既可指人也可指物。如果说"若干人(物)之中一个也不",用"none of",后接复数名词时,谓语可以用复数,也可用单数;后接不可数名词时,谓语用单数。如: No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai. None of them have(或has)arrived yet.(不用no one) None of the money is mine. ④some / any /no /every +(thing, one, body等。) some 类用于肯定句,any类用于否定和疑问句。 I know nothing of what had happened to him. I have little rice, so I can't lend you any. She is going to buy some new dresses. 注:everyone和every one 前者意思是"每个人",与everybody同义,后面不可跟of短语,后者意思是每个人或物,后面跟of短语。试比较: everyone in the classroom(教室里的所有的人) every one of the children(这些孩子中的每一个) every one of the books(这些书中的每一本) ⑤部分否定与全部否定: 当all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时,一般只表示部分否定,如果表示全部否定,应该用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等. All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有学生上课都迟到的。 (现代英语中常写成:Not all the students were late for the class.) None of the students were late for the class.没有一个学生上课迟到的。 具体地说明几个在使用代词时应注意的问题
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