科学家：得不得癌症基本看运气_时事

科学家：得不得癌症基本看运气

The results showed that it generally took two or more critical gene mutations to trigger cancer.

研究结果表明，一般情况下，癌症的发生至少需要两种关键基因的变异。

In some cancer types, such as those affecting the prostate, brain and bone, more than 95% of the harmful mutations were due to random DNA copying errors.

在部分癌症种类中，例如前列腺癌、脑癌和骨癌等，至少95%的有害突变是DNA复制时随机产生的错误所致。

Copying mistakes were linked to 77% of pancreatic cancers but only 35% of lung cancers, which were mostly triggered by smoking and other environmental factors.

虽然77%的胰腺癌和DNA复制时产生的错误有关，但是，这种错误造成的肺癌比例仅为35%，吸烟等环境因素才是引起肺癌的主要原因。

Overall, 66% of cancer mutations resulted from copying errors, 29% from lifestyle or environmental factors, and just 5% from inherited faulty genes.

整体而言，在引起细胞癌变的众多原因中，细胞分裂时产生的错误占比66%，生活或环境因素占比29%，异常基因遗传占比仅为5%。

The researchers compared DNA copying errors to "typos" in a written manuscript.

研究人员将细胞分裂错误比作书稿上的“打字错误”。

"You can reduce your chance of typographical errors by making sure you're not drowsy while typing and that your keyboard isn't missing some keys," said Dr Vogelstein.