大约一年前，在美国总统初选的激荡中，这种全新的阅读迫切感以及读者目的意识便生根发芽了，社会的习俗、道德和政治一次又一次遭到冲击。“正被告知”盛行社会研究课堂那么多年，现在感觉正好相反。你无需强迫自己阅读资讯，反而需要强迫自己停下来。

There is everything to be gained by cultivating a personal stake in the lives of others, in the future of our nation, and in the world. But reading the front section as if it were the sports pages, with every line a credit or debit, a win, or a loss, has hazards. You begin to twist what you read. It’s what happens when the public’s consumption of news becomes too much about sides, about winning and losing, and less about empathy for our fellow men.

通过将个人利益同他人生活、国家前途和这个世界联系起来，会有很多好处。但是，像读体育版面一样读头版头条，读每一行都在计较输赢，这种做法很危险。你会开始曲解自己读过的内容。大众在消费资讯时，若是太过注重对立和输赢，而很少同情同胞的遭遇，就会产生误会和曲解。

So how do we combat this? By increasing our literacy. To become a better reader, we must borrow practices from higher-order reading, including the reading of fiction. Remember that the best characters and novels–and every single flesh-and-blood human and real-life event–mix good and evil. Suspend judgement. Let yourself be surprised by evidence that doesn’t fit your hypothesis. Take breaks.

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