The new strategy comes less than two months before the U.S. midterm elections on November 6, and as key security and intelligence officials have amplified their warnings that Russia and other adversaries, like China, Iran and North Korea, may seek to use cyber means to interfere.

The new U.S. cyber strategy seeks to allay some of those concerns by promoting responsible behavior in cyberspace, urging nations to adhere to a set of norms, both though international law and voluntary standards.

As for what offensive cyber measures might look like, Bolton would not say. But White House officials contend they have already made it easier for the military to hack back by reversing a directive from the Obama administration known as PPD-20, which created what they describe as a lengthy approval process for any offensive operation.

美国准备在网络空间采取攻势，确保对手明确知道，要为黑客攻击、网络入侵和任何其它形式的攻击付出代价。

美国总统特朗普星期四签署了一项新的国家网络战略，要以更积极的行动应对来自其它国家、恐怖组织和犯罪组织不断增加的网络威胁。

特朗普总统在一份声明中说：“行政当局将采取一切可行手段保护美国不受网络威胁。”他还表示，新战略是“重要一步”。

美国政府其他高级官员说，新战略是一项重要而急需的改革。

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