In a recent opinion piece in the New York Times, psychology professor Daniel T. Willingham cited a 2010 study where 48 students either read or listened to an article about child psychology. Although the students spent the same amount of time with their material and did about the same number of distracting activities while they absorbed the information, they scored very differently on a 10-item quiz later: On average, the readers scored 81 percent whereas the listeners scored 59 percent.
在《纽约时报》最近的一篇评论文章中,心理学教授DT引用了2010年的一项研究,研究中48名学生阅读或听一篇关于儿童心理学的文章。当吸收信息的时候,尽管学生们在材料上花费相同的时间,并且做相同数量的精力分散活动,但他们在随后的10项测验后得分差别很大:平均而言,读者得分为81%而听众得分为59%。
The difference between 81 percent and 59 percent is the difference between a B- and an F, so that's not small potatoes. Why does listening versus reading material have such a massive impact on learning?
81%和59%之间的差别是B和F之间的差别,所以这不是小问题。为什么听和读材料对学习有如此巨大的影响?
Willingham explains two factors are likely at play. First, most of us read more slowly than we listen (especially when pausing and rereading is factored in), and when you're trying to absorb new information, slower tends to be better. "About 10 to 15 percent of eye movements during reading are actually regressive — meaning [the eyes are] going back and re-checking," he explained to TIME. "This happens very quickly, and it's sort of seamlessly stitched into the process of reading a sentence."
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