也许是因为别国经验过于遥远,周其仁直接用中国经验做例证——20世纪60年代初陈云治理通胀的历史。当时受“大跃进”影响,中国货币投放过多,陈云的解决办法是以“伊拉克蜜枣”、高档糖等商品供应市场,回收过量货币,解决通胀。“这说明,不论是什么制度,货币和物价的联系是很稳定的,这为我们今天如何处理通胀提供了思路,”周其仁说。
Perhaps because other countries’ experience is not well known to our nationals, Zhou referred to China’s experience as an illustration—the counter-inflation history by Chen Yun in the early 1960s. Impacted by the “Great Leap Forward” (A cultural and economic revolution in China), Chinese government generated hugely excess currency into the market. What Chen Yun did with the problem was to supply “Iraq dates” and high-end sugars in the market and recycled the excess currency and tackled the inflation problem. Zhou said, “This has demonstrated that no matter what system we have adopted, either capitalism or socialism, the link between currency and prices of goods is very stable, which provides us with the idea to combat inflation today.”
那么,央行为什么、在什么情况下会多发货币呢?周其仁认为,在1995年《中国人民银行法》通过前,央行超发货币的主要原因,就是央行常常被迫向财政透支。1995年,朱镕基进行整顿,再也不允许通过基础货币供应来解决财政不足问题,中国货币才走向稳定。
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