夏普利对这一主题提出了早期的理论,在20世纪50年代和60年代利用博弈论来分析不同的匹配方式。与美国经济学家大卫•盖尔一起,他开发了一个数学公式10个男人和10个女人如何配对才能保证没有人会受益于配对伙伴。虽然这可能有一点影响到结婚和离婚,他们开发的算法已经被用于更好地理解许多不同的市场。
In the 1990s, Roth applied it to the market for allocating US student doctors to hospitals. He developed a new algorithm that was adopted by the National Resident Matching Program, which helps match resident doctors with the right hospitals.
在20世纪90年代,罗斯把它应用到如何把美国医学生分配到医院。他开发了一种新的算法被全国驻地医师匹配程序所采用,这有助于把驻院医师分配到合适的医院。
"Even though these two researchers worked independently of one another, the combination of Shapley's basic theory and Roth's empirical investigations, experiments and practical design has generated a flourishing field of research and improved the performance of many markets," the academy said.
“尽管这两位研究人员彼此独立工作,但夏普利的基本理论和罗斯的实证调查、实验和实用的设计相结合,产生了一个蓬勃发展的研究领域,并改善了很多市场的功能,”皇家研究院说。
The official prize citation said the two were awarded for "the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design."
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