The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).
The findings held even when differences in personality were taken into account.
The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, is the first to make a link between multi-tasking and the structure of the brain.
Researcher Kep Kee Loh said: ‘Media multi-tasking is becoming more prevalent in our lives today and there is increasing concern about its impacts on our cognition and social-emotional well-being.’
He added that more research is needed to prove that multi-tasking shrinks the brain.
This is because it is also possible that people with less grey matter in the ACC are more drawn to using lots of gadgets simultaneously.
Scientists have previously demonstrated brain structure can be altered on prolonged exposure to novel environments and experience.
Other studies have shown that training – such as learning to juggle or taxi drivers learning the map of London – can increase grey-matter densities in certain parts.
Experts have also warned of the harmful impact technology can have on our memory and attention span.
The University of California team commissioned a survey of more than 18,000 people aged between 18 and 99 and found 20 percent had problems with memory.
Researchers were taken aback by the 14 per cent of 18 to 39-year-olds who also worried about their memories.
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