在21世纪,衰老只与风险以及和它所带来的衰退有关。保险公司奖励客户常去健身,如果他们吸烟,就会惩罚他们。制药公司告诫医生们,就算他们给病人开了减少心脏病发病率的药,但仍然有“残余风险”——于是医生们就经常开出更多的药。一种健身产品的宣传词把握了这种时代精神:“健康就是财富!长寿万岁!”
But when is it time to stop saving and spend some of our principal? If you thought you were going to die soon, you just might light up, as well as stop taking your daily aspirin, statin and blood pressure pill. You would spend more time and money on present pleasures, like a dinner out with friends, than on future anxieties.
但是什么时候才能停止储蓄,花一点我们的本金?如果你觉得自己马上就要死掉,你可能会点上一支烟,停掉每天的阿司匹林、斯他汀和降压药。你可能就不会那么忧虑未来,而是多花点时间和金钱来享受当下的快乐,比如和朋友出去吃饭之类的。
When it comes to prevention, there can be too much of a good thing. Groups like the United States Preventive Services Task Force regularly review the evidence that supports prevention guidelines, and find that after certain ages, the benefits of prevention are not worth the risks and hassles of testing, surgeries and medications. Recent guidelines for cholesterol treatment from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, for example, set 79 years as the upper limit for calculating the 10-year risk of developing or dying from heart attack, stroke or heart disease. They also suggest that, after 75, it may not be beneficial for a person without heart disease to start taking statins. But that doesn’t mean everyone follows this advice.
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