那些尼日利亚企业家又如何呢?我们已经知道,小笔的商业资助金能够产生巨大的影响。几年前,我曾经报道过戴维麦肯齐(David McKenzie)、苏雷什德梅尔(Suresh de Mel)和克里斯伍德拉夫(Chris Woodruff)在2004年发生海啸灾难后的斯里兰卡进行的一次试验。
They gave out modest grants of around $100 to $200 to business owners, and found that on average these cash injections were invested with very high returns — around 10 per cent a month. But these were tiny one-person businesses.
他们向企业主发放了100美元到200美元左右的小笔现金,发现这些现金投入的平均投资回报率非常高——大约为每月10%。但这些是由一个人组成的微型企业。
Now David McKenzie has conducted this Nigerian trial of much larger handouts, with the aim of producing larger businesses with the potential to create jobs. The trial examined a business-plan competition — a policy wonk’s version of Dragons’ Den — that was funded by the Nigerian government and run by the World Bank and the Department for International Development. Several hundred applicants won outright but several hundred more were chosen by lottery from the runners-up. By comparing the lottery winners and the lottery losers, McKenzie could see the impact of the cash grant. It was large: three years on, the lucky winners were almost twice as likely as the losers to be running a business, and three times as likely to be employing more than 10 people. Such employers are exceedingly rare in Nigeria but a third of the lottery winners were among their ranks.
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2020-09-15
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