在运动员中，有一类人被梅茨尔称为“多盐流汗者”(salty sweaters)，这类人在锻炼中不仅会比大多数人出更多的汗，而且他们的汗液中含盐量也大得多。对此我有亲身体会，我的汗液中含盐量很大，以至于有时候会刺痛我的皮肤。

A natural reaction when you sweat is to drink more water, especially during races when there are water tables by the roadside. But if you are taking in water and not electrolytes, which include sodium, magnesium and potassium, you are making the problem worse. The water dilutes the salt in your blood, which has been reduced by your sweat.

当你流汗的时候，自然反应是喝更多的水，尤其是在那种设置了路边饮水桌的比赛期间。但如果你只摄入水，不摄入钠、镁、钾等电解质，你会使问题变得更糟。水会稀释你血液中本就因为出汗而减少的盐分。

Too little sodium in the blood can cause a condition known as hyponatraemia, which was only identified in 1985. Early symptoms of hyponatraemia are cramps of the small muscles in your hands and feet, like I had, followed by leg cramps. If the problem continues to worsen, you can become mentally disoriented and even, in extreme cases, die.

血液中钠含量过低会导致一种叫做“低钠血症”的病症。人们直到1985年才发现这种病症。低钠血症的早期症状是手脚小肌肉群痉挛，就像我曾经经历过的那样，然后是腿部肌肉痉挛。如果症状持续恶化，你可能会神志不清，在极端情况下甚至可能死亡。

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