Jobs that are composed of repetitive tasks are the ones most vulnerable to automation. Examples including automated weaving machines, ATMs, production-line welders and phone answering systems. It might seem that these advances would simply throw people out of work. But look at the example of the weaving machines. They increased productivity 50-fold and dropped the price of cloth by 98 percent. The demand for cloth exploded as the price fell, thereby creating more weaver jobs. In the years between 1830 and 1900, the number of weaver jobs increased 4-fold despite automation. Automation increased demand for weavers, but also changed the nature of the weaver's job. A similar process happened with ATMs, which did not remove the need for human tellers, whose numbers actually have risen since ATMs were introduced in the 1970s.
那些不断重复做任务的工作是最容易被自动化的。例如:自动编织机、自动取款机、生产线焊工和电话应答系统。看起来,这些进步会让人们丢了工作。但让我们以编织机为例,看看情况。编织机使生产率提高了50倍,衣服的价格也相应下降了98%。随着价格下滑,人们对衣服的需求量爆增,因此就创造出更多的编织工作。在1830-1900年间,尽管工厂实行了自动化,纺织工作却翻了两番。自动化增加了对织工的需求,但也改变了织工的工作性质。
自动取款机也遇到了相似状况,自动取款机的出现并没有减少人们对出纳员的需求,实际上,自20世纪70年代引入取款机以来,出纳员人数有增无减。
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