美国如何减少不平等？_时事_双语阅读-查字典英语网

美国如何减少不平等？

在这种情况下，公共政策议程应该何去何从？从全球记录看，出于对不平等的关切而制定的民粹主义政策难以令人鼓舞。同样，被动接受经济剧变也不太可行。或许，讨论的焦点需要从结果的不平等（这方面人们的态度分歧巨大，而能够做的又有限度）转移到机遇的不平等。很少有人不会认同机遇均等化的抱负，或者未能认识到当前机遇明显不均等的现象。

By definition, the number of children not born in to the top 1 per cent who move into the top 1 per cent must equal the number of those born into the top 1 per cent who move out of it over their lifetimes. So a serious programme to promote equal opportunity must both seek to enhance opportunity for those not in wealthy families, and to address some of the advantages enjoyed by the children of the fortunate.

按照定义，在其一生中，出生于占人口1%的上层社会之外的儿童跻身上层社会的人数，与出生于上层社会但未能保住地位的人数应该相等。因此，一项倡导机遇均等的认真的项目，必须既要寻求扩大未能出生于富有之家人士的机会，又要遏制富家子弟所享有的部分先天优势。

The most important step that can be taken to enhance opportunity is to strengthen public education. For the past decade we have focused on ensuring no child is left behind, and this must continue. But if we are to ensure everyone has a real chance of great success, we must also ensure every child in the public system can learn as much and go as far as their talent permits. This means judging schools on measures beyond the fraction of students who exceed some minimum. The leading universities have in the past 40 years, with the encouragement and support of the federal government, made a significant effort to recruit and support students from ethnic minorities. This should continue.