语言是社会的一面镜子。
1975年著名社会语言学家Robin Lakoff引入了 “women’s register” (女性语域)这个概念,她观察到,美国女性为了缓和谈话或者为了减弱表达观点时的侵略性,会出现以下这些特征:
❶Tag questions
使用很多反义疑问句
“This election mess is terrible, isn’t it?”
“这届选举乱套了,是吧?”
❷ Rising intonation on declaratives
陈述句也用升调结尾
A: “When will dinner be ready?”
“晚饭什么时候好啊?”
B:“Six o’clock.”↑
“六点。”↑
❸ The use of various kinds of hedges.
用插入成分避免过分直接的表达
“That’s kinda sad.” Vs. “That’s sad.”
“是有点可怜”Vs.“可怜”
“It’s probably dinner time.” Vs. “It’s dinner time.”
“或许该吃饭了吧”Vs.“该吃饭了”
“I don’t really want it.” Vs. “I don’t want it.”
“我不太想这么做”Vs.“我不想这么做”
“I wondered if I could have a word with you.” Vs. “Can I have a word with you?”
“我在想是否可以借一步说话”Vs.“我能跟你聊聊吗”
“The answer could be that the trees have some sort of disease.” Vs. “The answer is that...”
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