The stick really is better than the carrot when it comes to motivating people, a study has found.

一项研究表明，“大棒比“胡萝卜更能激励人。

Although modern management and schooling techniques favor praising workers or students, the new research suggests that negative feedback produces more improvement than positive affirmation.

尽管现代的管理和教学技巧都倾向于表扬员工和学生，但这项新研究却认为消极的反馈比积极的表扬更能使人进步。

In fact, punishments were up to three times more effective at improving performance than rewards.

事实上，惩罚在提升表现方面的效果是奖励的三倍。

Dr Jan Kubanek, of the Washington University School of Medicine inSt Louis,US, who lead the study, said: "Our study suggests that negative feedback may be more effective than positive feedback at modifying behavior.

这项研究的负责人简·库班克博士来自位于美国圣路易斯的华盛顿大学药学院，他说：“我们的研究表明，比起积极的反馈，消极的反馈往往能更有效地影响人们的行为。

“Such feedback does not have to be harsh, since it appears that we tend to react in the same manner to any amount of negative feedback.

“这种(消极)的反馈不一定要是严苛的，因为人们似乎会对接收到的消极反馈采取类似的态度来反应。

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