政教合一的封建农奴制度严重阻碍着社会进步。直到1951年和平解放前,西藏没有现代工商业,现代科技、教育、文化、卫生事业几乎是空白,没有一条现代意义上的公路,西藏与外界几乎隔绝;农业生产长期处于原始耕作状态,劳动工具原始简单,牧业基本是自然游牧方式,农牧品种单一且退化,整个生产力水平和社会发展十分低下,社会发育程度极低。
Feudal serfdom under theocracy seriously obstructed social progress in Tibet. At the time of the peaceful liberation in 1951, there was almost no trace of modern industry, commerce, science and technology, education, culture, or health care. With no roads in the modern sense, Tibet was cut off from the outside world. Primitive farming had long been used in agricultural production, and farm tools were rudimentary. Herdsmen had to travel from place to place to find pasture for their livestock. There were few strains and breeds of grains and animals, and some had even degenerated. The level of both the productive forces and social development was thus extremely low.
法国旅行家亚历山大·大卫·妮尔在《古老的西藏面对新生的中国》一书中这样描写当时人民的情形:“这些可怜的人们只能永远待在他们贫瘠的土地上。他们完全失去了一切人的自由,一年更比一年穷。广大人民没有基本的生存权,更没有发展权。他们被剥夺了受教育的权利,不能学习民族的语言文化,到20世纪50年代时,西藏仅有2000多贵族子弟在旧式官办学校和私塾学习,青壮年文盲率高达95%。广大人民没有经济发展权,三大领主只从农奴那里榨取暴利,却不更新生产工具,农奴没日没夜地劳作,也不能创造更多的社会产品,没有社会再生产的能力。
【《民族区域自治制度在西藏的成功实践》白皮书】相关文章:
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