报告中,研究作者描述了两个让他们提出这一结论的实验。其中一个实验中,他们先让100个人观看电视剧(《广告狂人》和《白宫风云》)或非虚构类节目(《宇宙解码》和《鲨鱼周:大白鲨的反击》。然后,全部参与者接受一项心理学家常用于测量情商的测试:研究人员向他们展示36双眼睛,并被要求判断每双眼睛表达的感情。结果显示,在测试中,观看了虚构类节目的人,比看非虚构类节目的人表现更好。
They tried this again, only switching up the programs (The Good Wife and Lost versus Nova andThrough the Wormhole) and adding a control group, too: people who took the eye-reading test without watching any television first. Again, their results showed that the fiction viewers' empathy scores were superior, though the nonfiction viewers' scored higher on average than those who hadn't watched anything beforehand.
他们又试了一次,只播放《傲骨贤妻》、《迷失与新星》和《穿越虫洞》这几部电视剧,并加入控制组。控制组的参与者直接参加眼睛判断测试,不看任何电视节目。他们的结果再次显示,看虚构类节目的参与者情商分更高,而看非虚构类节目的参与者,得分也比不看电视的人高。
It's a similar finding to a widely reported 2013 study that claimed that reading literary fiction is linked to better scores on this empathy-measuring test. The authors of that study and this new one argue that a complex fictional narrative forces the reader or viewer to consider a problem from multiple perspectives; further, since not every character's emotion is explicitly spelled out, the audience must do some mental work to fill in those gaps, making a guess at the inner lives of the character.
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