行为经济学家艾里斯.博内特(Iris Bohnet)新书《What Works》中加了一条备忘录(基于就如何组建高效率团队的课堂讨论),其开头就提出一条观点:如果一项任务需要协调,例如提供洁净水或更好医疗服务之类的公共品,同质化团体可能很管用。
If the team is solving individual problems, she advises, take account of the influence of different groups.
如果团队解决的是个体问题,她建议应考虑不同群体的影响力。
So, for instance, boys benefit if they are in a class with an over-representation of girls, who are more likely to apply themselves and less likely to disrupt the lesson.
例如,如果班内女孩数量过多,男孩就会受益,他们更有可能专心学习,不大可能扰乱课堂。
Conversely, collective problem-solving can require a heterogenous group, Ms Bohnet writes, with women often providing vital listening and bridge-building skills.
反过来,博内特写道,集体解决问题可能需要一个异质化团队,女性通常提供关键的倾听和搭建桥梁的技能。
Her caveat: mixed teams work only when a critical mass of the minority is present — perhaps making up at least a third of the group.
她告诫说:只有当少数成员达到一定比例时,或许至少要占到三分之一,混合型团队才能发挥应有作用。
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