In 2003, Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli, biologists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, proposed that synapses grew so exuberantly during the day that our brain circuits got “noisy.” When we sleep, the scientists argued, our brains pare back the connections to lift the signal over the noise.
2003年,威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的生物学家朱利奥·托诺尼(Giulio Tononi)和基娅拉·奇雷利(Chiara Cirelli)提出,突触在白天生长得非常激烈,令大脑电路变得“嘈杂”。当我们睡觉时,大脑得以减少连接,这样真正的信号才可以超过噪声。
In the years since, Dr. Tononi and Dr. Cirelli, along with other researchers, have found a great deal of indirect evidence to support the so-called synaptic homeostasis hypothesis.
在此之后的几年里,托诺尼博士和奇雷利博士与其他研究者发现了大量间接证据,支持这一所谓的突触自稳态假说。
It turns out, for example, that neurons can prune their synapses — at least in a dish. In laboratory experiments on clumps of neurons, scientists can give them a drug that spurs them to grow extra synapses. Afterward, the neurons pare back some of the growth.
比如,事实证明,神经元可以修剪它们的突触——至少是在实验室里。在对神经元丛进行实验室实验时,科学家给它们一种药物,刺激它们生长额外的突触。之后,神经元削减了一些生长。
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